Pantsir-S1

Pantsir-S1 NATO reporting name: SA-22 "Greyhound"
Pantsir-S1 on 8x8 Truck KAMAZ-6560 TLAR
Type	Transportable SAM system
Place of origin	Russia
Service history
In service	2003–present
Used by	See list of operators
Production history
Designer	KBP Instrument Design Bureau[1]
Designed	1994
Unit cost	US$ 13.15[2]–14.67[3] million (export)
Produced	2008
Variants	Pantsir-S (prototype), Pantsir-S1, Pantsir-S1-O (or Pantsir-S1E)
Specifications (Pantsir-S1)
Crew	3
Main armament	57E6, 57E6-E
Secondary armament	Two dual 2A38M 30 mm autocannon guns

Pantsir-S1 (Russian: Панцирь-С1, NATO reporting name SA-22 Greyhound) is a combined short to medium range surface-to-air missile and anti-aircraft artillery weapon system produced by KBP of Tula, Russia mounted either on a tracked or wheeled vehicle or stationary. The system is a further development of SA-19/SA-N-11.

Contents 1 Design 2 Naval version 3 Development 4 Operations 4.1 Modes 4.2 Prototypes 4.3 Armament 4.3.1 Missile 4.3.2 Autocannon 4.4 Fire control 4.5 Support vehicles 5 Multi-sensor system 6 Operators 7 See also 8 References 9 External links

Design

It is a short to medium range ground based air defence system, wheeled, tracked or stationary with two to three operators. Its air defence consists of automatic anti-aircraft guns and surface-to-air-missiles with radar or optical target-tracking and radio-command guidance. Its purpose is protection of civil and military point and area targets, for motorised or mechanised troops up to regimental size or as defensive asset of higher ranking air defence systems like S-300/S-400. Aerial targets include everything with a minimum radar-cross-section of 2 cm² to 3 cm² and speeds up to a maximum of 1300 metre/second within a maximum range of 20,000 metres and heights up to 15,000 metres—including all types of aircraft, helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles, cruise missiles and air-to-ground precision guided weapons. The system is able to defend against stealth aircraft.^[4]

Naval version

Pantsir systems will be deployed in the Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov.

Development

Development as Pantsir-S started in 1990 planned to be successor of Tunguska M1. A prototype was completed in 1994 and displayed at the MAKS-1995. Further development stopped due to the troubled economic situation in Russia. Final development of the Pantsir-S1 was funded by launch customer UAE in 2000. Delivery was postponed after the United Arab Emirates and KBP Instrument Design Bureau agreed to redesign the system.

Some sources refer to this redesign as Pantsir-S1-O or Pantsir-S1E but it is, as of August 2007, not offered by KBP as a separate variant. The system has two new radars with increased range, capable of tracking more air targets but also land targets and has an integrated IFF system. Within the cabin two new LCD multi-function displays have replaced the multiple CRT display and a new central computer system greatly decreased the reaction time, single operator operation can be achieved when needed. Due to the new technologies adopted, the overall volume of the weapon station is reduced by a third while the overall weight is reduced by half. The system also has enhanced missiles (from type 57E6 to type 57E6-E probably interchangeable) and guns (from type 2A72 to type 2A38M).

Live firing tests took place in June 2006 at the Kapustin Yar firing range, Astrakhan Region, Russia. Final test series in front of delivery in May 2007 at Kapustin Yar included a forced march of 250 km to an unprepared launch position simulating the accomplishing of a typical air-defence mission. Further tests will take place in the UAE.

Operations

The specific feature of the Pantsir-S1 system is the combination of a multiple-band target acquisition and tracking system in conjunction with a combined missile and gun armament creating a continuous target engagement zone from 5 m height and 200 m range up to 10 km height and 20 km range, even without any external support.

Modes

Using a digital data link system up to six Pantsir-S1 combat vehicle can operate in various modes.

• Stand alone combat operation: All the combat sequence from detecting a target to its engagement is fulfilled by a single Pantsir-S1 combat vehicle without employing other assets.
• Operation within a battery ("master-slave"): One Pantsir-S1 operates both as combat vehicle and as "master" command post. 3 to 5 Pantsir-S1 combat vehicles acting as "slave" receive target designation data from the "master" and subsequently fulfil all the combat operation stages.
• Operation within a command post: The command post sends target designations to the Pantsir-S1 combat vehicles and subsequently fulfill the designation order.
• Operation within a battery with command post and early warning radar: The command post receives air situation picture from a connected early warning radar and sends target designations to the Pantsir-S1 combat vehicles and subsequently fulfil the designation order.

Prototypes

• Pantsir-S prototype from 1994 was built on Ural-5323 8x8 truck.
• Actual Pantsir-S1 is built on KAMAZ-6560 8x8 38t truck with 400 hp.
• UAE Pantsir-S1 is built on German MAN SX 45 8x8 truck.
• Pantsir-S1 is also proposed to be built on an MZKT-7930 8x8 truck with 680 hp from the Belarus company "Minsk Wheeled Tractor Plant"
• A further Pantsir-S1 option is a tracked chassis type GM-352M1E from the Belarus company "Minsk Tractor Plant". The tracked chassis seems to be the only option where Pantsir-S1 is able to fire the 30 mm guns on the move.
• KBP offers also a stationary variant built on a container probably able to be mounted on ships also.

Armament

Missile

57E6
Type	Surface-to-air missile
Place of origin	Russia
Production history
Variants	57E6, 57E6-E,[5] 57E6Y[6]
Specifications (57E6-E[5])
Weight	90 kg
Length	3.2 m
Diameter	0.17 m
Warhead	frag-HE and multiple continuous rod
Warhead weight	20 kg
Detonation mechanism	Contact and proximity
Propellant	Solid-fuel rocket
Operational range	20 kilometres (12 mi)
Flight altitude	15,000 metres (49,000 ft)
Boost time	2 sec
Speed	1,300 m/s

Pantsir-S1 carries up to twelve 57E6 or 57E6-E two-stage solid fuel radio-command-guided surface-to-air missiles in sealed ready-to-launch containers. Missiles are arranged into two six-tube groups on the turret. The missile has a bicalibre body in tandem configuration. The first stage is a booster, providing rapid acceleration within the first 2 second of flight, after it is separated from the sustainer-stage. The sustainer is the highly agile part of the missile and contains the high explosive multiple continuous rod and fragmentation warhead, contact and proximity fuses as also radio transponder and laser responder to be localised for guidance. The missile is not fitted with seeker to keep target engagement costs low. Instead high-precision target and missile tracking is provided via the systems multiband sensor system and guidance data is submitted via radio link for up to four missiles in flight. Missiles can be fired in at up to four targets but more often in salvos of two missiles at one target. Missile is believed to have a hit probability of 70-95% and have a 15 year storage lifetime in its sealed containers. Pantsir-S1 combat vehicles can fire missiles on the move.

Autocannon

Two dual 2A38M 30 mm autocannon guns are fitted with 700 rounds of a variety of ammunition—HE (High Explosive) fragmentation, fragmentation tracer, and armour-piercing with tracer. Ammunition type can be selected by the crew depending on the nature of the target. Maximum rate of fire is 2,500 rounds per minute per gun. Range is up to 4 km. The combined gun-missile system has an extremely low altitude engagement capability (targets as low as 0 m AGL can be engaged by this system).

Wheeled combat vehicles have to be jacked up to keep the machine in the horizontal position and be able to fire the gun. The KAMAZ-6560 has four oil hydraulic jacks for this purpose.

Gun:

• Designation: 2A38M
• Type: twin-barrel automatic anti-aircraft gun
• Calibre: 30 mm
• Maximum rate of fire: 2,500 rounds per minute per gun
• Muzzle velocity: 960 m/s
• Projectile weight: 0.97 kg
• Ammunition: 700 rounds per gun
• Minimum range: 0.2 m
• Maximum range: 4 km
• Minimum altitude: 0 m AGL
• Maximum altitude: 3 km

Fire control

The Pantsir-S1 fire control system includes a target acquisition radar and dual waveband tracking radar (designation 1RS2-1E for export models), which operates in the UHF and EHF waveband. Detection range is 32–36 km and tracking range is 24–28 km for a target with 2 m² RCS.^[7] This radar tracks both targets and the surface-to-air missile while in flight.

As well as radar, the fire control system also has an electro-optic channel with long-wave thermal imager and infrared direction finder, including digital signal processing and automatic target tracking. A simplified, lower-cost version of Pantsir-S1 is also being developed for export, with only the electro-optic fire control system fitted.

The two independent guidance channels—radar and electro-optic—allow two targets to be engaged simultaneously. Maximum engagement rate is up to 10 targets per minute.

Support vehicles

In order to increase high operational readiness KBP has designed a couple of vehicles to support Pantsir-S1 in the field.

• Transporter-Loader: One Transloader per two combat vehicles ensures rapid replacement of ammunition during combat operations.
• Mechanic Maintenance Vehicle: This Vehicle and its crew carries out maintenance and repair operations on the system's mechanical assemblies.
• Electronic Maintenance Vehicle: Carries out maintenance and repair operations on the system's electronic units and devices.
• Adjustment Vehicle: For adjustment operations on the system.
• Spare Parts Vehicle: This vehicle carries the common kit of spare parts, tools and accessories for the system.
• Mobile Trainer: Designed to train the combat vehicle crews in field conditions on the weapon system.

Multi-sensor system

Target acquisition radar: Type: phased-array Coverage: 360° Maximum detection range: at least 32 km, up to 36 km Band: UHF Target tracking radar: Type: phased-array Coverage: cone +/-45° Maximum tracking range: at least 24 km, up to 28 km Maximum number of targets can be tracked simultaneously: 20 Maximum number of targets can be engaged simultaneously: 3 Maximum number of missiles can be radio-controlled simultaneously: 4 Band: EHF IFF: Separate or integrated upon customer's request

Autonomous Optoelectronic System: Type: Detection, automatic acquisition and tracking of air and ground targets Target tracking band: Infra Red 3-5 µm Missile localisation band: Infra Red 0,8-0,9 µm Maximum number of targets can be tracked simultaneously: 1 Maximum number of targets can be engaged simultaneously: 1 Maximum number of missiles can be localised simultaneously: 1 System: Number of targets that can be simultaneously engaged: 4 (three by radar, one by EO) Maximum number of targets engagement rate: 10 per minute Crew: 1–2 operators for the air defense system and 1 driver Reaction time: 4–6 seconds (from target acquisition to firing first missile)

Operators

•  Algeria: An estimated 38 on order;^[8] signed March 2006 as part of an arms package worth about US$ 8 billion^[9]. Whereas Moscow Times reported in February 2006 Algeria ordered Tunguska, RIA Novosti reported in March 2007 that Algeria contracted Pantsir-S1 instead.

•  Jordan: According to what Jane's Defence Weekly reported in 2007^[10] a complete Russian Pantsir-S1 short-range air-defence system was being field tested in Jordan and that the kingdom is set to place an order. ^[11][12] reports that Jordan has placed an order for an undisclosed number of systems.^[13][14] also reports Jordan to be customer for Pantsir-S1 it is likely to purchase between 50-75 combat vehicles.

•  Russia: Will begin entering service with the Russian Air Force and the first deliveries began in 2008. It will eventually replace the Tunguska-M1 currently used by the Russian Air Force.^[15] Russia currently operates some 31 units of the Pantsir-S1, rounding out by 2016 to roughly 300.

•  Syria: 36 to 50 on order;^[16] signed 2006 as part of arms package worth about US$ 1 billion;^[17] deliveries began in August 2007; British Jane's Defence Weekly reported in May 2007 that 50 systems are on order by Damascus and that at least ten of those Pantsirs would be handed over to Iran by the end of 2008. According to Jane's Defence Weekly, Iran is reported to be the main sponsor of the deal and is paying Syria for its services as intermediary. Deliveries to Iran are categorically denied by a range of top Russian officials including First Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov.^[18]

•  Iran: Bought 10 Pantsyr-S1 from Syria.

•  United Arab Emirates: 50 on order;^[19] Launch customer of Pantsir-S1. Ordered in May 2000, half of them tracked, the other half wheeled. Due to deliver in three batches by the end of 2005 - 12 in 2003, 24 in 2004 and 14 in 2005. Prices given where US$ 734 million ( including a US$ 100 million pay in advance to complete R&D ),^[20] with the price per single unit being about US$ 15 million. Delivery postponed after new design decisions were taken and UAE is said to have paid additional US$ 66 Million to cover major improvements. All 50 systems will now be wheeled on MAN SX 45 8x8 trucks from Germany, as well as the support vehicles. Delivery of the prototype occurred in 2007. With that the MAN SX45 is the only "western" vehicle that can accommodate the S1 system and has a worldwide logistics and support network through their importer network. Delivery of the 50 systems ordered in 2000 began in 2007 with the first two serially produced systems. British Jane's Defence Weekly reported on October 30.;^[21] delays in further deliveries. Based on test-firing data, some further optimisation of the systems is required. Deliveries will take place over the next three years under an amended schedule. As reported by Kommersant in June 2006 UAE has expressed interest in acquiring an additional 28 systems^[22] and has likely signed an option for the delivery in 2009–2010.

• Unidentified(?): RIA Novosti quoted Kommersant in March 2007 that KBP has obligations to deliver to an "unidentified country".^[23] The official order backlog of KBP of US$ 2,6 bn for Pantsir-S1 systems per July 2007 compared to the system prices given by the launch order suggests that there are probably unidentified customers for about 50 or so Pantsir-S1 systems.

See also

• BRAMS
• SA-19 Grisom
• Surface-to-air missile

References

External links

• Product page from KBP Instrument Design Bureau
• Pantsir-S1 Sa-22 Greyhound Technical data sheet, pictures and animated 3D view

Russian, Ukrainian, and former Soviet armoured fighting vehicles after World War II   Tanks T-10 T-54/55 T-55AGM PT-76 T-62 T-64 T-72 T-80 T-84 T-90   Armoured personnel carriers Tracked BTR-50 MT-LB BTR-D Wheeled BTR-3 BTR-4 BTR-40 BTR-60 BTR-70 BTR-80 BTR-90 BPM-97 BTR-94 BTR-152   Infantry fighting vehicles BMP-1 BMP-2 BMP-3 BMD-1 BMD-2 BMD-3 BTR-T BMPT   Self-propelled artillery Guns 2S1 Gvozdika 2S3 Akatsiya 2S4 Tyulpan 2S5 Giatsint 2S7 Pion 2S9 Nona 2S19 Msta 2S23 Nona-SVK 2S25 Sprut-SD 2S30 Iset 2S31 Vena ASU-57 ASU-85 A-222 Bereg MRLs BM-14 BM-21 Grad BM-24 BM-25 BM-27 Uragan TOS-1 BM-30 Smerch Missiles 2K6 Luna (FROG-3/5) 9K52 Luna-M (FROG-7) 9K79 Tochka (SS-21 Scarab) R-400 Oka (SS-23 Spider) Iskander (SS-26 Stone) K-300P Bastion-P   Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons Guns BTR-40A BTR-152A BTR-152D ZSU-57-2 ZSU-23-4 2S6 Tunguska Pantsir-S1 Missiles 2K11 Krug (SA-4 Ganef) 2K12 Kub (SA-6 Gainful) 9K22 Tunguska (SA-19 Grison) 9K31 Strela-1 (SA-9 Gaskin) 9K33 Osa (SA-8 Gecko) 9K35 Strela-10 (SA-13 Gopher) 9K37 Buk (SA-11 Gadfly) 9K330 Tor (SA-15 Gauntlet) S-300 (SA-10 Grumble) Pantsir-S1 (SA-22 Greyhound)

NATO Designation for Russian and former Soviet Union missiles   Air-to-air missiles complete list AA-1 Alkali AA-2 Atoll AA-3 Anab AA-4 Awl AA-5 Ash AA-6 Acrid AA-7 Apex AA-8 Aphid AA-9 Amos AA-10 Alamo AA-11 Archer AA-12 Adder AA-X-13 Arrow   Air-to-surface missiles complete list AS-1 Kennel AS-2 Kipper AS-3 Kangaroo AS-4 Kitchen AS-5 Kelt AS-6 Kingfish AS-7 Kerry AS-9 Kyle AS-10 Karen AS-11 Kilter AS-12 Kegler AS-13 Kingbolt AS-14 Kedge AS-15 Kent AS-16 Kickback AS-17 Krypton AS-19 Koala   Anti-tank missiles complete list AT-1 Snapper AT-2 Swatter AT-3 Sagger AT-4 Spigot AT-5 Spandrel AT-6 Spiral AT-7 Saxhorn AT-8 Songster AT-9 Spiral-2 AT-10 Stabber AT-11 Sniper AT-12 Swinger AT-13 Saxhorn-2 АТ-14 Spriggan АТ-15 Springer AT-16 Scallion   Surface-to-air missiles complete list Ground based SA-1 Guild SA-2 Guideline SA-3 Goa SA-4 Ganef SA-5 Gammon SA-6 Gainful SA-7 Grail SA-8 Gecko SA-9 Gaskin SA-10 Grumble SA-11 Gadfly SA-12 Gladiator/Giant SA-13 Gopher SA-14 Gremlin SA-15 Gauntlet SA-16 Gimlet SA-17 Grizzly SA-18 Grouse SA-19 Grison SA-20 Gargoyle SA-21 Growler SA-22 Greyhound SA-23 Gladiator\Giant SA-24 Grinch Naval based SA-N-1 Goa SA-N-2 Guideline SA-N-3 Goblet SA-N-4 Gecko SA-N-5 Grail SA-N-6 Grumble SA-N-7 Gadfly SA-N-8 Gremlin SA-N-9 Gauntlet SA-N-10 Grouse SA-N-11 Grison SA-N-12 Grizzly SA-N-14 Grouse SA-N-20 Gargoyle   Surface-to-surface missiles complete list Ground based SS-1 Scud SS-2 Sibling SS-3 Shyster SS-4 Sandal SS-5 Skean SS-6 Sapwood SS-7 Saddler SS-8 Sasin SS-9 Scarp SS-10 Scrag SS-11 Sego SS-12 Scaleboard SS-13 Savage SS-14 Scamp\Scapegoat SS-15 Scrooge SS-16 Sinner SS-17 Spanker SS-18 Satan SS-19 Stiletto SS-20 Saber SS-21 Scarab SS-22 Scaleboard SS-23 Spider SS-24 Scalpel SS-25 Sickle SS-26 Stone SS-27 Sickle B Naval based SS-N-1 Scrubber SS-N-2 Styx SS-N-3 Shaddock SS-N-4 Sark SS-N-5 Sark/Serb SS-N-6 Serb SS-N-7 Starbright SS-N-8 Sawfly SS-N-9 Siren SS-N-12 Sandbox SS-N-13 Serb SS-N-14 Silex SS-N-15 Starfish SS-N-16 Stallion SS-N-17 Snipe SS-N-18 Stingray SS-N-19 Shipwreck SS-N-20 Sturgeon SS-N-21 Sampson SS-N-22 Sunburn SS-N-23 Skiff SS-N-23 Sineva SS-N-23 Liner SS-N-24 Scorpion SS-N-25 Switchblade SS-N-26 SS-N-27 Sizzler SS-N-28 SS-N-29 SS-NX-30